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What about the ice age?
The only clear evidence we have is for ONE ice age. It can still be seen in such things as glaciers and the u-shaped valleys that they carved. Or did they? Some scientists are beginning to believe that the rapid assuaging of the waters after the flood were responsible for many of the u-shaped valleys, the top soil being stripped by the rapid flowing waters.

It is also believed by some that the ice shields were formed in place and melted in place, with only small episodes of sliding. Underwater mass flows traveling at speeds of more than 50 mph can produce tillite-like deposits, as well as striated bedrock, including the striated stones in the �tillite.� Such mass water flows would be expected following a massive global Flood. All the top soil, loose rocks and other debris present in the water would create a tremendous abrasive effect. We will discuss all of this in more detail. For an Ice Age to develop, where ice actually accumulates on land, the oceans need to be warm at the mid and high latitudes. The land masses need to be cold, especially in summer. The warm oceans would evaporate lots of water. Clouds would form and move across the cold land masses. Cold continents would result in the water precipitating as snow rather than rain and would prevent the snow from thawing during the brief summer months. The ice would accumulate very quickly.

Long-ice-age theories involve a slow cooling down of the earth, but this would not generate an ice age. If the oceans and land both cooled down at the same rate, by the time everything was cold enough so that the snow didn�t melt during summer, evaporation from the oceans would be insufficient to produce enough snow to generate the massive ice sheets. A frozen desert could result, not an ice age.

The global flood described in the Bible, however, does provide a simple mechanism for an ice age. At the end of the flood, we would expect warm oceans. Why? During the flood there would have been hot subterranean water pouring into the pre-flood ocean, plus there would be heat energy released through volcanic activity. There is evidence that the ocean waters were in fact warmer just before the Ice Age, as recorded by the oxygen isotopes in the shells of tiny marine animals called foraminifera.

The Bible tells us in Genesis 8:11:
�..the underground waters burst forth on the earth, and the rain fell in mighty torrents from the sky.�
This would have resulted in many volcanoes, earthquakes and tidal waves! Once the waters covered the earth, God caused a mighty wind to blow and He closed the underground water sources as the land began to dry off. Where did all the water go? There would have been a grand shuffling of the earth! Mountains were raised high and deep basins were formed to contain much of the water until, after many months, Noah and the animals could leave the ark on dry land. Of course, a lot of water would have been evaporated by the winds.

Large amounts of volcanic dust and aerosols from residual volcanic eruptions at the end of and after the Flood would have reflected solar radiation back into space, causing low temperatures over land, and especially causing the summers to be cold. Dust and aerosols slowly settle out of the atmosphere, but continued post-flood volcanism would have replen- ished these for hundreds of years following the Flood. In support of this, there is evidence of continued widespread volcanism in the large quantities of volcanic rocks among so called �Pleistocene� sediments, which probably formed soon after the flood.

Using standard knowledge of atmospheric circulation, we see that the warm oceans after the Flood, and the rates of cooling at the poles, would have driven extreme atmospheric convection. This would have created an enormous polar hurricane-like storm system covering a large portion of the Arctic. This system could have functioned for much of the 500-year period up to the glacial maximum. Such circulation patterns would have delivered vast amounts of snow to the higher latitudes. They would quickly have become ice sheets, spreading firstly over the continents, and then later over the oceans as the water cooled down towards the end of the glacial period.

Our ice-age map gives you an idea of the areas that were covered by ice during the maximum period of glaciation caused by the Ice Age. Later, as the glaciers started melting and land became visible, the land dried out and turned into vast dry deserts. After years of being buried under the ice, there was no vegetation.

There seems to be a possible reference to this Ice Age in the book of Job, an ancient book in the Bible. Job most likely lived in the waning years of the Ice Age. He lived in the land of Uz. Bible scholars agree that Job probably lived during the period of time between the Tower of Babel episode and Abraham.

When God spoke to Job, Job understood what God was talking about! Just what did God say to Job?
In Job 37:9-10 God says, �The stormy wind comes from its chamber, and the driving winds bring the cold. God�s breath sends the ice, freezing wide expanses of water.�

In chapter 38:22-23 God says to Job, �Have you visited the treasuries of the snow? Have you seen where the hail is made and stored? I have reserved it for the time of trouble, for the day of battle and war.�

In verses 29-30 God says, �Who is the mother of the ice? Who gives birth to the frost from the heavens? For the water turns to ice as hard as rock, and the surface of the water freezes.� NLT
The migration of the descendants of Noah to the �plains of Shinar,� where they built the Tower of Babel, could have been partly due to the weather in the Araxes River Valley gradually becoming too cold to grow proper crops and raise their vast herds and flocks. When the Ark first landed in the Ararat mountains, the land would have been lush and green from the moisture in the ground and the return of the sun.

Some Creation Scientists believe the weather would have been mild in winter with a cool gentle sun in summer at that time, ideal conditions for starting their crops and herds. It was spring when they left the Ark. The Araxes River Valley is one of the most fertile valleys in the world. Even today they grow better and larger vegetables than anywhere else! God was ready for Noah and his family to begin again to populate the earth.

After the Flood the animals quickly spread out over the earth going in many directions. The animal population would have rapidly increased.

Bodies of thousands of woolly mammoths have been discovered in the mid and northern latitudes. They, and many other animals, including the many varieties of dinosaurs, have become extinct because of the drastic climatic changes that destroyed their habitats.

At that time there were no predators preying on the woolly mammoths. Based on doubling rates of 10 years (observed in Africa) there should be no problem for the population of woolly mammoths to reach many millions toward the middle of the ice age, some 500 years after the flood.

Near the end of the ice age, as the ocean surface temperature cooled at mid and high latitudes, and evaporation slowed; the ice age climate would have changed to a drier, more continental climate with more seasonal extremes. At this time permafrost would begin developing, and the substrate would become boggier in summer.

As this process continued, animals in Siberia would tend to migrate closer to the Arctic Ocean, where the waters were still unfrozen and the climate would have been less continental. However, the changing climate finally caught up with them and they ended up buried in the permafrost that has continued to this day. There are many ways they could have been trapped and in- terred into the permafrost. One is becoming trapped in bogs. Some would have been trapped by flooding rivers that were draining the ice sheets and were buried in fluvial or lacustrine deposits.

However, most of them were buried in muck and yedomas (loess)... buried in wind-blown silt, which rapidly covered them wherever they lay or stood! Much data support the wind-blown origin of this sediment. The loess is rich in ground ice and ice wedges. The ground ice formed by a segregation process in which layers and denses of ice, sometimes clear and sometimes inter-mixed with sediment, developed within the silt.

The loess is not thousands of feet deep in Siberia and Alaska, as some have thought, but is a relatively thin veneer that is widespread in Beringia (Northeastern Russia and Alaska area). Some of the loess, especially in Alaska, has been reworked by the downslope mass flow of water. Redisposition of the loess has broken and twisted the vegetation and disarticulated the mammal bones.

Most of the mammoths in the Beringia area were killed and/or buried by dust storms and frozen there by the cold. Storms of variable intensity likely blew from time to time for a few hundred years near the end of the ice age. The dust buried the remains very quickly. From the Dust Bowl era in the United States, it is known that a dust storm can produce dust drifts several meters high, burying tractors and partially covering buildings.

It is possible that dust storms at the end of the ice age were so intense that they could cover and suffocate a woolly mammoth trying to survive the storm. The animal would have been buried quickly, since his body would act like a snow fence. It is not inconceivable that a few of these animals would have been left in a standing position, braced by the dust around them.

The Perma-frost would then rise after the loess was deposited and rapidly freeze the remains. This accounts for the rapid burial, which seems impossible any other way. Broken bones could be explained by the shifting of the ground ice and frozen sediment. Reasonable explanation for all these mysteries are available within the context of a unique post-flood ice age. Astral catastrophies, polar shifts and other such exotic hypotheses are not needed.

A few of the woolly mammoths drifted south in an effort to get away from the extreme climatic conditions only to die in the deserts left behind by the receding ice and snow. Remains of these animals have been found in Central North America and in Central Asia.

Dinosaurs were among those that drifted south from Alaska into Central North America where remains are still being found today. Other animals survived and are found all over the world, surviving in areas that support their lifestyle and requirements. Many animals are on the verge of becoming extinct due to the advance of mankind into their territories.

NOTE: All of the text given here is in chart form and comes as a file when you purchase the map that goes with this text.

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